What best defines the concept of federalism?

The definition of federalism is captured accurately by the concept of a system where power is constitutionally divided between national and regional governments. This structure is fundamental to the way the United States government is organized. Federalism establishes a division of responsibilities, allowing both levels of government to operate independently and efficiently in areas of jurisdiction that are defined by the Constitution.

In the U.S., powers are divided into three categories: those specifically given to the federal government, those reserved for the states, and those that are concurrent, or shared by both levels of government. This division allows for a balance between maintaining a strong national presence and providing states the ability to manage their own affairs according to local needs and preferences. The relationship between these levels of government is designed to promote both cooperation and competition, allowing for a dynamic policy-making environment that can respond to diverse needs across the country.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of federalism. For instance, a centralized system would negate the regional autonomy that is a hallmark of federalism, while a system focused on a strong executive branch does not encompass the broader distribution of power. Finally, total autonomy of state governments would contradict the very premise of federalism, which thrives on interdependence and collaboration between national and regional